Juvenile transfer to adult courts: A look at the prototypes for dangerousness sophistication-maturity and amenability to treatment through a legal lens.

Juvenile court judges are often required to make distinctions as to whether certain adolescents should remain in the juvenile justice system or be transferred to adult courts. Typically, 3 broad factors weigh into juvenile court judges' decision making: (a) the level of danger the juvenile poses to the community, (b) the level of sophistication-maturity of the juvenile, and (c) the extent to which the juvenile is viewed as treatable. In an earlier study, knowledge of forensic and child psychologists was tapped to elucidate core characteristics related to the transfer process (R. T. Salekin et al, 2001). The current study augments that investigation. Judges provided (a) their perspective regarding the core criteria for dangerousness, sophistication-maturity, and amenability to treatment, and (b) data on the core characteristics of juveniles who were evaluated and subsequently judged to be appropriate for transfer to adult criminal courts. Policy implications for this increasingly critical interface between law and psychology are threefold: (a) Individualized assessments are key; (b) the adoption of a national standard for transfer to adult court is required; and (c) the development of treatment programs to improve the socialization of youth is necessary. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Children's understanding of the knowledge prerequisites of drawing and pretending.

Many young children will claim that someone is pretending to be something even when the person does not know what that something is. To examine whether children's failure to take knowledge prerequisites into account is part of a more fundamental problem in recognizing how mental representations constrain external ones, the authors asked children whether an artist who did not know what something was, yet whose drawing bore resemblance to it, was drawing it. The same questions were asked regarding pretending. Children performed similarly on pretending and drawing questions, and performance on both questions improved when the protagonists' point of view was emphasized. Performance for drawing improved somewhat when alternative goals were stated. Further, cross-sectional data indicated that understanding how knowledge relates to producing external representations increases gradually from age 4 to age 8, suggesting that experiential factors may be crucial to this understanding. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

现浇楼(屋)面板裂缝产生的原因与防治

针对目前工程中普遍出现楼板裂缝的现象，分析了住宅现浇板裂缝的产生原因，从设计、施工等环节，介绍了控制裂缝产生和发展的具体措施和建议，提出了裂缝弥补处理措施，以保证房屋建筑的质量。     

Computation of unique optimal ambients and optimal contrast sets of colours for cathode ray tubes

An algorithmic scheme named COLSET was recently developed which aims at computing ergonomically optimal colours and ambients for colour CRT work. However, the procedure does not necessarily produce the globally best solution. If only locally optimal estimates were to be obtained, then repeated application of COLSET might result in different guidelines for both colours and ambients. A simulation study, involving several replicated estimations, is reported here to assess this stability or uniqueness issue. The results indicate that with three to five replications there is reasonable certainty that globally best estimates will be found.     

Victimization and substance abuse among women: Contributing factors, interventions, and implications.

Although the literature indicates that there is an association of victimization with substance abuse, there has been limited research focused on understanding and synthesizing the factors that have been identified as contributing to victimization and substance abuse and on interventions designed to address these contributing factors. The purposes of this article are to (a) review the literature on factors related to victimization and substance abuse, (b) review interventions and outcomes, and (c) discuss clinical implications for interventions and research. Results suggest that there is a high rate of co-occurrence of victimization and substance abuse among women, that the factors contributing to victimization and substance abuse are complex, and that there is a lack of treatment models addressing victimization and substance abuse. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

论云南磷矿的地位与发展

本文阐述了云南磷矿资源在经济建设和农业发展中的地位和作用，并对影响其发展的制约因素，机遇与对策作了探讨。     

影响原料混匀效果的因素分析

阐述了原料混奖对高炉冶炼的重要性，分析了影响混匀效果的各种因素和提高混匀效果的各种措施，介绍了混匀效果的评价方法。     

尿素产品质量影响因素及对策

以历年来发生的尿素产品质量问题为实例,对存在的影响因素及原因进行分析,从过程质量管理等方面提出对策措施,达到减少质量损失,保证出厂尿素产品优等品率。     

管道材料附加裕量的影响因素分析

分析了设计用量的统计误差、运输和现场保管过程中出现的偏差、管道施工过程中的损耗和工程所在地域4个主要因素对管道材料附加裕量的影响。分析表明:对于设计用量的统计误差,小管径(公称直径小于等于40)碳钢管道附加裕量为2%～20%,其他的为1%～7%;小管径(公称直径小于等于40)碳钢阀门附加裕量为10%～14%,其他的为1.5%～7%。由于管道施工过程中的损耗,实际发生的设计用量一般可取设计净量的1.03倍。国外项目设计中的管道材料附加裕量应适当加大。     

Methodology for the calculation of response factors through experimental tests and validation with simulation

One of the most simple and intuitive methods employed to characterise a building solution in transient regime is based on the use of response factors. Its acquisition by calculation is an appropriate approach when the thermo-physical properties of the materials are known. However, in a great number of building products these data are not available and thus large errors in the calculation may be incurred, which cannot be quantified.In this work, a dynamic testing method is presented inside a guarded hot-box unit, where the response factors of a wall can be obtained without requiring the corresponding material properties.This method has been validated by means of a finite volumes simulation code for a wall which thermal characteristics are perfectly defined. Although the errors committed when adding the response factors and comparing them with the transmittance values are higher in the experiment than in the numerical analysis, there is a good agreement between the heat flows obtained experimentally and with the simulation.